[kalkin]

He talks pretty specifically about what he means by "the architectures many consciousness scientists associate with conscious systems" - Global Workspace theory, Higher Order theory and Integrated Information theory. This is on the second and third pages of the intro chapter.

You seem to be confusing the training task with the architecture. Next-token prediction is a task, which many architectures can do, including human brains (although we're worse at it than LLMs).

Note that some of the theories Schwitzgebel cites would, in his reading, require sensors and/or recurrence for consciousness, which a plain transformer doesn't have. But neither is hard to add in principle, and Anthropic like its competitors doesn't make public what architectural changes it might have made in the last few years.