[raphman]

FWIW, Ioannidis never demonstrated that a certain number of findings (or most) in a specific discipline are actually false - he calculated estimates based on assumptions. While Ioannidis work is important, and his claims may be true for many disciplines, a more nuanced view is helpful.

For example, here's an article that argues (with data) that there is actually little publication bias in medical studies in the Cochrane database:

https://replicationindex.com/2020/12/24/ioannidis-is-wrong/