[rob74]

I think that "magnification effect" is what tombh (one of the authors) means when he mentions "refraction" in his comment above?

Here's the English Wikipedia article (although it doesn't mention the Föhn specifically): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_refraction

Of course, there is another "magnification effect" which photographers like to use: perspective distortion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_distortion#Example...). The reason why the mountains seem to be right behind the Frauenkirche in those publicity photos I mentioned (e.g. https://www.technik-testen.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Ad...) might have a little bit to do with the Föhn, but most of it is because the photo is taken from far away and zoomed in.