[SomeUserName432]

My only data point from Europe is Norway, where credit cards are widely adopted.

There are also official debt registries, where you (and prospective lenders) can look up how much debt you have.

A bit different than the credit score concept.

[NicuCalcea]

Seems you're right, Norway has one of the highest credit card ownership rates in the world. https://genderdata.worldbank.org/en/indicator/fin10

In Moldova where I'm from, only 8% of adults have one.