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How we hacked McKinsey's AI platform

506 points| mycroft_4221 | 15 days ago |codewall.ai | reply

194 comments

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[+] frankfrank13|14 days ago|reply
Some insider knowledge: Lilli was, at least a year ago, internal only. VPN access, SSO, all the bells and whistles, required. Not sure when that changed.

McKinsey requires hiring an external pen-testing company to launch even to a small group of coworkers.

I can forgive this kind of mistake on the part of the Lilli devs. A lot of things have to fail for an "agentic" security company to even find a public endpoint, much less start exploiting it.

That being said, the mistakes in here are brutal. Seems like close to 0 authz. Based on very outdated knowledge, my guess is a Sr. Partner pulled some strings to get Lilli to be publicly available. By that time, much/most/all of the original Lilli team had "rolled off" (gone to client projects) as McKinsey HEAVILY punishes working on internal projects.

So Lilli likely was staffed by people who couldn't get staffed elsewhere, didn't know the code, and didn't care. Internal work, for better or worse, is basically a half day.

This is a failure of McKinsey's culture around technology.

[+] OptionOfT|14 days ago|reply
Couple of things to add:

McKinsey has a weird structure where there are too many cooks in the kitchen.

Everybody there is reviewed on client impact, meaning it ends up being an everybody-for-themselves situation.

So as a developer you have little guidance (in fact, you're still being reviewed on client impact, even if you have 0 client exposure).

Then a (Senior) Partner comes in with this idea (that will get them a good review), and you jump on that. After all, it's all you can do to get a good review.

You work on it, and then the (Senior) Partner moves on. But it's not done. It's enough for the review, but continuing to work on it doesn't bring you anything, in fact, it will actually pull you down, as finishing the project doesn't give immediate client results.

So what does this mean? Most products of McKinsey are a grab-bag of raw ideas of leadership, implemented as a one-off, without a cohesive vision or even a long-term vision at all. It's all about the review cycle.

McKinsey is trying to do software like they do their other engagements. It doesn't work. You can't just do something for 6 months and then let it go. Software rots.

The fact that they laid off a good amount of (very good) software engineers in 2024 is a reflection on how they see software development.

And McKinsey's people, who go to other companies, take those ideas with them. Result: The UI of your project changes all the time, because everybody is looking at the short-term impact they have that gets them a good review, not what is best for the project in the long term.

[+] cmiles8|14 days ago|reply
Net conclusion: Don’t hire McKinsey to advise on AI implementation or tech org design and practices if they can’t get it right themselves.
[+] j45|14 days ago|reply
I am not sure what accounting or management consulting firms are doing in tech.

They look to package up something and sell it as long as they can.

AI solutions won't have enough of a shelf life, and the thought around AI is evolving too quickly.

Very happy to be wrong and learn from any information folks have otherwise.

[+] dahcryn|14 days ago|reply
is this the same at quantumblack? They at least give the impression their assets on Brix are somewhat up to date and uesable
[+] joenot443|14 days ago|reply
> One of those unprotected endpoints wrote user search queries to the database. The values were safely parameterised, but the JSON keys — the field names — were concatenated directly into SQL.

I was expecting prompt injection, but in this case it was just good ol' fashioned SQL injection, possible only due to the naivety of the LLM which wrote McKinsey's AI platform.

[+] doctorpangloss|14 days ago|reply
The tacit knowledge to put oauth2-proxy in front of anything deployed on the Internet will nonetheless earn me $0 this year, while Anthropic will make billions.
[+] simonw|14 days ago|reply
Yeah, gotta admit I'm a bit disappointed here. This was a run-of-the-mill SQL injection, albeit one discovered by a vulnerability scanning LLM agent.

I thought we might finally have a high profile prompt injection attack against a name-brand company we could point people to.

[+] 3abiton|14 days ago|reply
I just wonder how much professional grade code written by LLMs, "reviewed" by devs, and commited that made similar or worse mistakes. A funny consequence of the AI boom, especially in coding, is the eventual rise in need for security researchers.
[+] bee_rider|14 days ago|reply
I don’t love the title here. Maybe this is a “me” problem, but when I see “AI agent does X,” the idea that it might be one of those molt-y agents with obfuscated ownership pops into my head.

In this case, a group of pentesters used an AI agent to select McKinsey and then used the AI agent to do the pentesting.

While it is conventional to attribute actions to inanimate objects (car hits pedestrians), IMO we should be more explicit these days, now that unfortunately some folks attribute agency to these agentic systems.

[+] simonw|14 days ago|reply
Yeah, the original article title "How We Hacked McKinsey's AI Platform" is better.
[+] causal|14 days ago|reply
Yah it's just an ad, and "Pentesting agents finds low-hanging vulnerability" isn't gonna drive clicks.
[+] tasuki|14 days ago|reply
> now that unfortunately some folks attribute agency to these agentic systems.

You're doing that by calling them "agentic systems".

[+] dang|14 days ago|reply
Ok, we've reverted the title (submitted title was "AI Agent Hacks McKinsey")
[+] newtwilly|13 days ago|reply
The article does say

> No human in the loop

If true, it's quite irresponsible. They are admitting to allowing a agent to autonomously execute code on the network. Autonomously perform hacking activities.

[+] fhd2|14 days ago|reply
> This was McKinsey & Company — a firm with world-class technology teams [...]

Not exactly the word on the street in my experience. Is McKinsey more respected for software than I thought? Otherwise I'm curious why TFA didn't just politely leave this bit out.

[+] aerhardt|14 days ago|reply
The LLM that wrote this simply couldn’t help itself.
[+] lenerdenator|14 days ago|reply
> Not exactly the word on the street in my experience.

Depends on the street you're on. Are you on Main Street or Wall Street?

If you're hiring them to help with software for solving a business problem that will help you deliver value to your customers, they're probably just like anyone else.

If you're hiring them to help with software for figuring out how to break down your company for scrap, or which South African officials to bribe, well, that's a different matter.

[+] alexpotato|14 days ago|reply
They generally hire smart people who are good at a combination of:

- understanding existing systems

- what the paint points are

- making suggestions on how to improve those systems given the paint points

- that includes a mix of tech changes, process updates and/or new systems etc

Now, when it comes to implementing this, in my experience it usually ends up being the already in place dev teams.

Source: worked at a large investment bank that hired McKinsey and I knew one of the consultants from McK prior to working at the bank.

[+] sharadov|14 days ago|reply
No, they don't have world class technology teams, they hire contractors to do all the tech stuff, their expertise is in management, yes that's world class.
[+] sigmar|14 days ago|reply
I've got no idea who codewall is. Is there acknowledgment from McKinsey that they actually patched the issue referenced? I don't see any reference to "codewall ai" in any news article before yesterday and there's no names on the site.

https://www.google.com/search?q=codewall+ai

[+] gbourne1|14 days ago|reply
- "The agent mapped the attack surface and found the API documentation publicly exposed — over 200 endpoints, fully documented. Most required authentication. Twenty-two didn't."

Well, there you go.

[+] paxys|14 days ago|reply
> named after the first professional woman hired by the firm in 1945

Going out of their way to find a woman's name for an AI assistant and bragging about it is not as empowering as the creators probably thought in their heads.

[+] cmiles8|14 days ago|reply
I can only remember a McKinsey team pushing Watson on us hard ages ago. Was a total train wreck.

They’ve long been all hype no substance on AI and looks like not much has changed.

They might be good at other things but would run for the hills if McKinsey folks want to talk AI.

[+] sailfast|14 days ago|reply
What I don't see in this article that should be explicit:

If your data is in this database, it's gone. Other people have it. Your sensitive data that you handed over to their teams has vanished in a puff of smoke. You should probably ask if your data was part of the leak.

Fail to see how a state actor would not have come across this already.

[+] sgt101|14 days ago|reply
Why was there a public endpoint?

Surely this should all have been behind the firewall and accessible only from a corporate device associated mac address?

[+] sd9|14 days ago|reply
Cool but impossible to read with all the LLM-isms
[+] vanillameow|14 days ago|reply
Tiring. Internet in 2026 is LLMs reporting on LLMs pen-testing LLM-generated software.
[+] causal|14 days ago|reply
Those short "punchy sentence" paragraphs are my new trigger:

> No credentials. No insider knowledge. And no human-in-the-loop. Just a domain name and a dream.

It just sounds so stupid.

[+] lenerdenator|14 days ago|reply
Not exactly clear from the link: were they doing red team work for McKinsey or is this just "we found a company we thought wouldn't get us arrested and ran an AI vuln detector over their stuff"?

You'd think that the world's "most prestigious consulting firm" would have already had someone doing this sort of work for them.

[+] frereubu|14 days ago|reply
From TFA: "Fun fact: As part of our research preview, the CodeWall research agent autonomously suggested McKinsey as a target citing their public responsible diclosure policy (to keep within guardrails) and recent updates to their Lilli platform. In the AI era, the threat landscape is shifting drastically — AI agents autonomously selecting and attacking targets will become the new normal."
[+] bxguff|14 days ago|reply
Its so funny its a SQL injection because drum roll you can't santize llm inputs. Some problems are evergreen.
[+] dmix|14 days ago|reply
Technically it was a search box input no prompts. Which tbf are often endpoints reused by RAGs
[+] nubg|14 days ago|reply
Could the author please provide the prompt that was used to vibe write this blog post? The topic is interesting, but I would rather read the original prompt, as I am not sure which parts still match what the author wanted to say, vs flowerly formulations for captivating reading that the LLM produced.
[+] phyzome|14 days ago|reply
Flagging this because 1) this was written by an LLM and 2) there's bad information in it, which means it wasn't reviewed particularly carefully by a human.

This means the entire article is suspect as a result.

[+] StartupsWala|14 days ago|reply
One interesting takeaway here is how quickly organizations are deploying AI tools internally without fully adapting their security models.

Traditional application security assumes fairly predictable inputs and workflows, but LLM-based systems introduce entirely new attack surfaces—prompt injection, data leakage, tool misuse, etc.

It feels like many enterprises are still treating these systems as just another SaaS product rather than something closer to an autonomous system that needs a different threat model...

[+] ecshafer|14 days ago|reply
If the AI was poisoned to alter advice, then maybe McKinsey advice would actually be a net good.
[+] bananamogul|14 days ago|reply
At first glance, I thought this was about an AI agent named "Hacks McKinsey."
[+] sgarland|14 days ago|reply
> This was McKinsey & Company — a firm with world-class technology teams

Apparently not.

[+] nullcathedral|14 days ago|reply
I think the underlying point is valid. Agents are a potential tool to add to your arsenal in addition to "throw shit at the wall and see what sticks" tools like WebInspect, Appscan, Qualys, and Acunetix.