top | item 8354891

Liberia signs 'transformational' deal to stem deforestation

190 points| fillskills | 11 years ago |bbc.com | reply

81 comments

order
[+] WildUtah|11 years ago|reply
No rainforest in going to be preserved in a nation that continues on a path of exponential growth of population like Liberia. The nature of exponential growth is that it always looks sustainable until the catastrophe hits and everything collapses and there's nothing that can be done to save anything and probably mass starvation.

The fertility rate is 5.16 in Liberia which corresponds to doubling the population about once every 25 years. Then if fertility ever drops back to steady state (2.1), you double the population at least twice more because of population momentum.

The hopeful factor in Liberia is that the fertility rate is dropping. IT was 5.85 in 2000. If it doesn't drop fast, no payment for forests will help. If it does drop fast, the locals will enjoy their environment and work to preserve it.

Right now Liberia has about the population and land area of Virginia, which means it's already overpopulated. Around mid-century it will have at least quadruple the population. Then -- if fertility drops very fast down to replacement level -- it will quadruple again. That will be sixteen times the density of Virginia. And that is the best case scenario.

[+] ThisIBereave|11 years ago|reply
>Right now Liberia has about the population and land area of Virginia, which means it's already overpopulated.

First, that assumes Virginia is 'optimally populated'.

Second, according to Google, the population of Liberia is 4.294 million (2013) and the population of Virginia is 8.186 million (2012), so using your Virginia-baseline, Liberia can about double its population before being considered over-populated. The Indian state of Kerala, meanwhile, has 34.8 million (2012) people in a smaller area (~38k mi^2 vs ~43k mi^2).

[+] berberous|11 years ago|reply
> Then if fertility ever drops back to steady state (2.1), you double the population at least twice more because of population momentum.

What? Can you explain this? Sorry if it's obvious, but I can't seem to grasp what you mean by population momentum.

[+] TheCoelacanth|11 years ago|reply
Even with the 16x growth that you're assuming, the population density of Liberia would only be 33% higher than New Jersey.
[+] icebraining|11 years ago|reply
A related story: back in 2012, Equador had asked countries to pay $3.6 billion for them not to drill under the rainforest: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ecuador-asks-world...

It wasn't successful: http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/may/23/ecuador-a...

[+] tribaal|11 years ago|reply
Well, they will help them build capacity to protect forests, and prevent new logging licenses to be granted, as well as place more forests in a "protected" status.

It's not like they just ask to stop and give them cash, like the headline suggests.

[+] sauere|11 years ago|reply
Prediction: money will be paid, cutting down trees will continue
[+] azernik|11 years ago|reply
If trees keep getting cut down, the payments will stop.

FTA:

The country agrees to place 30% or more of its forest estate under protected area status by 2020. It will also pilot direct payments to communities for protecting the forest. Ultimately the Norwegians will pay for results, with independent verification that trees remain standing.

[+] jonknee|11 years ago|reply
Norway already got their "Look guys, we tried" credit as they continue to pump carbon out of the ground and as such all parties will be happy.
[+] nakedrobot2|11 years ago|reply
I love the idealism of this but: 1) the price is far too low to have any effect, I am guessing. 2) won't this money go straight into someone's pocket? 3) how on earth do they expect this to be enforced?
[+] Skinney|11 years ago|reply
We do this in several other countries already. We only actually pay the money if they meet certain goals. Currently we have 4 billion NOK (632 million dollars) still standing in a bank account, because the countries we intended to pay the money to hasn't met the goals we set as a pre-condition. Then again we paid 3 billion NOK (474 million dollars) last year, so it does work to some extent.
[+] rmc|11 years ago|reply
2) won't this money go straight into someone's pocket? 3) how on earth do they expect this to be enforced?

Sometimes #3 can be solved by #2. "Hey corrupt minster/police chief/army general, want more of that bribe? Get your corrupt police officers/soliders to stop those people cutting down trees! Since you don't have to obey the law that much, beat up those peasants who are chopping down trees"

[+] blaabjerg|11 years ago|reply
Did you read the article? It's not just a lump sum cash payment for a promise. A couple of relevant quotes from the article:

> Under the terms of the agreement, Norway will help Liberia to initially build up the capacity to monitor and police the forests.

> Liberia will refrain from issuing any new logging concessions until all existing ones have been reviewed by an independent body.

> Ultimately the Norwegians will pay for results, with independent verification that trees remain standing.

[+] lunarcave|11 years ago|reply
For context, this is about 0.00021% of the entire norwegian reserve [1].

[1] http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/24/us-norway-oilwealt...

[+] bulltale|11 years ago|reply
The fraction is 0.00021. The percentage is 0.021%. Still small though.
[+] Expez|11 years ago|reply
None of that money is used to pay for this.

Well, indirectly it might be, as some of the profits from invested oil money are made available to the government to spend each year.

[+] guard-of-terra|11 years ago|reply
The problem here is: cutting down trees creates jobs; receiving 150m doesn't. You still have to distribute them somehow and make these people figure out what to do.
[+] tribaal|11 years ago|reply
You didn't read the article.

The headline is sensationalist, what they are doing it paying for the government not to issue more logging licenses (easy to verify) and putting forests on "protected" status (as well as other concrete, targeted projects).

It's not like they are handing out cash to the government against a promise.

[+] imaginenore|11 years ago|reply
Let's be realistic. This is Liberia. This money will not be distributed to the workers.
[+] Apocryphon|11 years ago|reply
Train loggers to be rangers and open up the forests to ecotourism?
[+] aikah|11 years ago|reply
> You still have to distribute them somehow and make these people figure out what to do.

And I doubt any low level worker will get real money,given the insane level of corruption there.

And for god sake,why would Norway care? this constant meddling into african politics by the west is upsetting.It's not help,it's arrogance.

[+] yawz|11 years ago|reply
Where does the demand go? Not only one has to pay Liberia and various parties not to cut trees but one also needs to reshape the demand (for trees) or make sure that the demand is redirected to renewable resources and/or to tree plantations. To me, it seems to be the hardest challenge.
[+] ljd|11 years ago|reply
It's interesting that it's seen as aid.

If countries like Norway feel that standing trees provide a service to them, they should pay to keep them up.

It's not charity, the trees are providing a marketable good by processing CO2 emissions.

While I'm not an environmentalist, I do believe in markets as a way of solving larger problems and I think it would be interesting if a market was built on resource preservation.

For instance, if a type of tree processes more CO2, they should be worth more than one that does not and that can be expressed in whatever this marketplace would be. If I had more connections at a government level, I might be interested in such an idea but as it stands now the sales cycles would be too long to get a market like that going.

[+] DennisP|11 years ago|reply
Because it's a public goods problem. If one country pays, all countries benefit equally, and the country that pays generally spends more than its benefit from that payment. So each country is better off not paying, regardless of what everybody else does, even though we'd all be a lot better off if everybody paid.
[+] Aqueous|11 years ago|reply
The problem, of course, is not in the fact that clearing Carbon CO2 emissions from the air. It's the fact that it might be worth more - in dollars - to cut those trees down and sell them. Perhaps not in this case, but certainly in other cases where countries have tried to sell protecting their own territory environmentally and balanced that against the worth of the resources on the market.

Thus the dollar worth of clearing CO2 emissions doesn't clearly align with the self-interest of doing so over buying trees to make paper and other goods. (The self-interest, of course, is in not dying in the future from some climate change related disaster.

That's why worldwide governmental intervention is needed to make sure the dollar value of keeping those trees up aligns with actual self-interest.

[+] tedks|11 years ago|reply
Algae processes more CO2 than trees. You could convert the forests into logging land and just set up massive platforms on the ocean that manage algae. Maybe not even that.
[+] toasted|11 years ago|reply
Pretty negative response in this thread to one of the only countries really making serious efforts to preserve the last few remaining tracts of rainforest on earth.
[+] cpursley|11 years ago|reply
I really really like this idea as long as the money does not go to bureaucrats. If governments and people were serious about pooling money and purchasing land for conservation (ala Ted Turner) and/or supporting conversation efforts, the planet might have a fighting chance.
[+] innguest|11 years ago|reply
So you're saying we might have a fighting chance against environmental depredation if instead of using government bullying, we used the private sector to buy those lands, so long as we could guarantee the money wouldn't go to bureaucrats?

You might want to look into libertarianism, as it has been saying that for a long time now, and it has very good arguments as to why it works better than the alternatives.

[+] Havoc|11 years ago|reply
While I have confidence in the fundamental idea, the thought of actually enforcing / monitoring this seems somewhat laughable. (And thats coming from someone that has actual experience judging whether 1st world money was judiciously applied in a 3rd world country).
[+] sbhere|11 years ago|reply
The original title was more succinct, even if it was identical to the article's title. And yes, it won't be successful.
[+] joshdance|11 years ago|reply
Enforcement will be an issue. But I like the idea. Hopefully it does not lead to unintended consequences.
[+] nyrina|11 years ago|reply
How is enforcement going to be a large issue? Doesn't every forest have a forester (Not sure if that is what it's called, but we have people who "takes care" of forests in Denmark). If a forester sees people cutting down trees with large machinery, he would just call the police?

I doubt anyone cares if Mr. Random goes into the wood with his axe, chops down a tree he can carry and runs off with it.

[+] Expez|11 years ago|reply
What an incredible bargain!
[+] neol|11 years ago|reply
besides the 150 M, Norway has to spend a lot more on regulation.
[+] neol|11 years ago|reply
besides the 150M, Norway has to spend a lot more on regulation.