Sexual selection is a huge area of research in evolutionary biology. You don't have to like the wikipedia article, but a quick search on google scholar on the term reveals over 2M+ results. Check it out. Peter's description of sexual selection was much better than mine, so thanks! I brought up the Giraffe's neck because its one of the best examples of bad scientific method leading to incorrect evolutionary conclusions. Giraffe males joust as a dominance ritual prior to mating, and generally the giraffe that can exert more force will win and hence mate. There are no advantages to the neck outside of this ritual as far as anyone has been able to determine, hence it is understood to be a purely sexually selected trait.
arketyp|11 years ago
I wrote a lengthier answer to Peter Whittaker. Check it out.