[aurelius]

Algorithmic trading is intrinsically neither good nor bad. It's kind of just a natural progression in the markets once easily programmable computers and high-speed networks came along.

How algorithmic trading is used, however, is another story. Humans are still the ones who bring the intent to technology, using it for good or evil. But it may interest you to know that a lot of malicious trading in the markets is not done by algorithmic traders, but by teams of manual traders working in concert to place manipulative trades that cause the market making algorithms to move the market in certain ways. (Source: I work at an exchange, and this is what our regulatory and compliance dept. says all the time.)

[jsprogrammer]

Why are the market making algorithms so easily exploited?

[throwaway283719]

Most market making algorithms work like -

  Market state                                     -> price forecast
  Price forecast + other factors (risk, liquidity) -> trading decision

If you know (or have a good guess) how the algorithm works, you can work out what state of the market would lead to a price forecast in your favour, i.e. would lead to the algorithm offering liquidity at a price favourable to you.

You then manipulate the state of the market to look like that (generally this is "spoofing" or "layering"), wait for the algorithm to respond, and then take advantage of the favourable liquidity it offers.

When people calibrate their algorithms, they use real market data. Most of the time, someone isn't actively manipulating the market, so the model is not calibrated to handle those situations.

[spyspy]

Because the markets are infinitely variable and it's impossible to program every possible scenario into these algorithms.