[frowaway001]

It is perfectly fine that many design choices in Rust evolved from "let's copy what $random_language did", but mentioning the drawbacks of that kind of approach to language design suddenly requires "scientific studies demonstrating your points"?

Are you kidding me? That's exactly what I meant with "Rust people are actively hostile toward input".

It is even more "I don't want to hear what you say" than it appears on the first look, because we both know that counting all "scientific studies" about language design probably wouldn't require more fingers than a human usually has.

So all we have is some empirical knowledge. You even got some findings for free! Things no one ever said:

  - "Having two different ways to call/invoke/execute stuff
     made it much simpler to learn the language."
  - "Making the casing of types inconsistent really helps 
     when reading code."
  - "Dropping random characters in functions and types made 
     me feel at home coming from C! I would be terribly 
     confused if ptr was called pointer, vec vector, fmt 
     format, iter iterator or rt runtime. The only thing I 
     don't like is FromStr, it should really by FrmStr 
     instead! .. I love str's rsplitn btw!"
  - "Calling Strings Strings and String views str ... that 
     makes a lot of sense!"
  - "Having used both <> and [] extensively, <> is much 
     more readable."
  - "It was a really great idea to have special syntax for 
     arrays, so the language designers could overload [] 
     with two completely different meanings."
  - "Having both () and [] available is great because you 
     can write code where foo(x) and foo[x] do different 
     things!"¹
  - "Not having varargs really worked out! Nevermind that 
     most popular macros exist solely to emulate varargs!"
  - "Despite most macros not needing the do-whatever-
     you-want syntax, let's require ! for all of them. This 
     way, macro writers don't have any reason left to try 
     making their macros behave predictably! Isn't it great 
     that they can just claim 'you knew that all bets where 
     off when you wrote that !, so stop complaining!' 
     instead of fixing their macro?"
  - "Fucking up Generics so badly that it requires 
     different ways of writing them depending on the 
     context really paid off. It's certainly not an issue 
     which is hit by every person writing something Generic 
     for the first time."
  - "Inventing unnecessary differences between modules and 
     objects is great, because it forces you to think 
     whether you need to use . or :: and breaks use-sites 
     of that code when migrating from one to the other."
  - "Given all the lessons of terribly broken dependency 
     management systems out there – let's just ignore them 
     all and put every package in a global namespace ... 
     what could ever go wrong?"

The language could have been much better if Rust devs wouldn't have been so insecure and defensive, but now it's too late anyway.

So why bother evoking any more excuses in different places? Rust-the-bad-parts is basically unchangeable now.

So what's left? I think it's only honest if Rust devs would be more open about the mistakes they made, and wouldn't require outside expertise to point out the issues.

¹ WAIT ... that's actually what Rust devs said when they defended having both () and [].

[Ygg2]

    but mentioning the drawbacks of that kind of approach
    to language design suddenly requires "scientific  
    studies demonstrating your points"?

    Are you kidding me? That's exactly what I meant with 
    "Rust people are actively hostile toward input".

For what is worth, I only meant it in case of underscore, since underscore syntax has scientific proof it's more readable, if you are aware of a better or another study, please list them. Also I asked for examples.

But here let me look at your complaints:

1) Not sure what you mean in this case, could you elaborate

2) Type casing is inconsitent. All types are CapitalCamelCase. Only special built-in literals are lower case.

3) Fair point, a bit subjective, but fair. I like the terse syntax tbh.

4) Well, String represents mutable and str represents immutable strings, which also double as string views.

5) Fair point, I prefer [] for generics, but again it still falls under subjective.

6/7) I'm unsure what you mean. [] is used for indexing arrays or slicing a piece of it. I think Python had something similar.

If you have foo(x) that's always AFAIK calling function. foo[x] means it's calling index or slice operator on a foo. In either case it's taking a portion of foo.

7) see 6

8) That's actually a fairly good point. I think some kind of optional parameters or varargs were planned, but unsure of current situation

9) Not getting what you mean here? Whenever you add extensibility to language via macros or custom operators, you get weird language DSLs that are incomprehensible. At least putting macro_name! tells you next part is DSL and what's its name is, so you can look it up.

10) Fucking up generics? What?

11) Not sure what your point is? Rust doesn't have objects. It has structs and it has traits. Modules are merely way to organize code. I think you are probably referring to OCaml like modules/objects, but unsure what.

12) Fair point. I'm unsure what alternatives you have in mind? Using URLs?

[frowaway001]

  1) You basically have both () and [], wasting one of the scarcest
     resources in syntax (brackets).

     Some people might argue that getting a value from an array is totally 
     different from getting the same value from a function or a map, and
     deserves special syntax. If we look at languages which did away with 
     this made-up difference we see that pretty much no person is missing 
     it.

     Even if you disagree with this reasoning and consider arrays to be 
     something very special, deserving its own syntax – guess what? Rust 
     developers introduced the traits Index and IndexMut, so all the great 
     ideas about some type being special and knowing what happens when you 
     read [] went straight out of the window.

     If we dig deeper and try to understand why they did something so 
     astoundingly mis-designed, we basically hit an interesting issue:

       They overloaded their [] operator to do two completely different 
       things, depending on whether there is an & in front.
       Thing A: return the value at the given index
       Thing B: return an address pointing into the indexed data

     This of course doesn't translate well into the () syntax, given that 
     Rust devs are proud that they don't support overloading.
     (I guess []'s overloading doesn't count for some reason ... and doing 
     the little dance with traits doesn't count either.)

     Taking a step back, if it would have been considered acceptable to 
     pick two different names for doing two different things, the whole
     issue wouldn't exist, e. g.:

       Thing A: values(1)
       Thing B: values.at(1)

  2) Yes, we agree. Having different sets of rules for a) language 
     designers and b) language users has shown consistent results:
     It never worked out.

  3) Yes. I have nothing against terse syntax, it should just be 
     consistent. (I favor not abbreviating things though, because it's
     difficult to be both terse and consistent, considering that things 
     can be abbreviated in more than one way.)

  4) Yes, I know what they do. I just thought it was a nice example of two
     related constructs having different casing style and abbreviation 
     style.

  6/7) See 1). The sad thing is that [] can do whatever the developer 
     wants. All guarantees went out of the window with Index/IndexMut.

  9) What I meant was that not every macro wants to define some weird 
     language DSL. There are plenty of things which only exist as macros
     because the language lacks varargs. (vec! for instance.)
     If the language ever adds varargs, vec! can't just stop being a macro, 
     because that would break source compatibility: They would need to keep 
     the macro version of vec and introduce a new non-macro version of vec,
     and hope people migrate from vec! to the "new" vec.

     It's a design which makes the common 90% suffer for the benefit of the 
     most complex 10%. Sometimes it is worth it, but in this case I think it is
     not.

 10) I had the combination of picking a symbol which is both hard to read and
     hard to parse in mind.

     Every language that chose <> has weird cruft and therefore it shouldn't 
     haven been too surprising that Rust is also suffering issues, but in 
     Rust's case the problems have been shokingly severe. There are loooong 
     discussions about it if you want to read them. (So it's not just me.)

 11) Sorry, I meant structs.

 12) URLs are an option. There are also alternatives. I think the essence is
     that it's possible to deal with these issues without entering Java's
     tld.mycompany.mycontinent.mygroup.myproject.mydogsmiddlename madness.

I hope this cleared some things up. :-)