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North Korea Changes Currency

143 points| garply | 16 years ago |online.wsj.com | reply

139 comments

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[+] idlewords|16 years ago|reply
In Poland (and I imagine other socialist countries), people who made a bunch of money took pains not to get stuck with cash, for exactly this reason.

Since it was illegal to own foreign currency, a popular solution was to buy and store grain alcohol, on the assumption that no conceivable change in political system would ever make booze lose its value.

The approach had two main drawbacks - you needed a fair amount of space to store large quantities of ethanol, and you had to safeguard the storage room against the depredations of local aficionados.

[+] iamelgringo|16 years ago|reply
I grew up in Costa Rica in the late 70's and early 80's. The country had massive currency devaluation because they started printing massive quantities of currency to pay their foreign debt. The exchange rate went from 8 Colones : $1 to 130:$1 in a matter of a few short years.

People started hoarding dollars and those that had commodities did very well. There was a very brisk black market trade in foreign currencies.

My father purchased a small car, at the begining of the currency crash and frove it into the ground on the terrible riural roads and then sold it 5 years later. He made a $30 profit on the deal because car prices had gone up so dramatically.

We did fine, because we got paid in dollars, but the people around us really suffered.

[+] jan_g|16 years ago|reply
Yes, you are correct in respect with local currency. However, in my country there used to be quite vibrant currency black market instead of alcohol storing. People most often replaced all excess local currency with deutsch marks. At the expense of exorbitant fees, of course. But it was still better to have some deutsch marks than none.

All of it was of course illegal, but the government wasn't too keen to penalise such behaviour. At least I don't remember anyone getting caught.

[+] DrJokepu|16 years ago|reply
The automatic response of the North Korean government would be introducing a prohibition. Or maybe that already happened, who knows.
[+] misterbwong|16 years ago|reply
My grandma used to tell me a similar story about her old country (Burma) except they used gold jewelry.
[+] tikhon|16 years ago|reply
Voltaire: "Paper money eventually returns to its intrinsic value - zero."
[+] riobard|16 years ago|reply
Even now? Then better bring gold back into the market ...
[+] huangm|16 years ago|reply
This seems like one of those hypothetical microeconomics questions... you know, the ones that are never really supposed to happen.

"It also reported instances of wealthy people from cities rushing to rural areas on Monday in hopes of buying commodities with the old currency before people in those areas heard about the exchange process."

[+] turkishrevenge|16 years ago|reply
I wouldn't rule anything out in the DPRK.

As an example, here's Juche, the official state ideology, summed up in an exchange:

Peasant: "I am hungry. I need bread".

Soldier (part of the supposed "revolutionary" class): points gun at peasant. "Are you hungry now?"

Peasant: gulp "No".

Stalinism to its logical conclusion.

[+] idleworx|16 years ago|reply
what's happening in north korea is an abomination of human rights infringements. i think most westners, especially those who's countries never experienced communism, can't really imagine/comprehend daily life there. I watched this documentary on North Korea a while ago and found it very interesting [http://educatedearth.org/video.php?id=2642]
[+] jlgosse|16 years ago|reply
The background music and production reminds me of Lost. Maybe Lost is actually based on North Korea. It wouldn't be all that far fetched.
[+] etherealG|16 years ago|reply
holy crap, did a government legally just steal all the money from it's people?
[+] joss82|16 years ago|reply
What if people disagree and just keep using the old currency among them ?

Yeah, I guess they'll get shot.

Also, the mention of "closed-circuit system that feeds into speakers in homes and on streets but can't be monitored outside the country" reminds me so much of Brave New World/1984/Big Brother stuff.

[+] sdfx|16 years ago|reply
legally is a funny word when talking about north korea.
[+] sirrocco|16 years ago|reply
I'm not sure it's that uncommon in communism. My grandparents told me that the same thing happened in Romania when it was under communist rule.

When we recently slashed a few zeros from our currency (denomination i believe it's called) they were afraid that the same thing would happen again.

[+] nandemo|16 years ago|reply
A similar theft happened in Brazil in 1990. It wasn't done by a crazy dictator. In fact it was right after the first democratic presidential election in decades.

All investments, CDs, savings accounts in excess of around U$1000 were "frozen".

It didn't affect the masses, who didn't have bank accounts anyway. But the middle-class was screwed.

[+] asciilifeform|16 years ago|reply
The North Korean weirdness differs only in degree, and not in kind, from the everyday actions of every government that issues fiat (non-gold-backed) currency.
[+] myth_drannon|16 years ago|reply
That is very sad and reminds me of Soviet Union collapse. Old people who saved their entire lives had bags full of money that suddenly became worthless ( well some used it as a toilet paper...). It's a recurring theme in Russian movies from 90's , bag of useless cash.

PEOPLE ! The most important thing in your life is your close ones.

[+] lecha|16 years ago|reply
This reads like an Onion news story. If only it was...
[+] Evgeny|16 years ago|reply
Very similar to the Pavlov monetary reform in the Soviet Union - I was just a kid but I can remember that:

"Within hours of the stunning announcement, massive lines had formed in the bitter, early-morning cold, waiting for banks to open. "People are afraid," says Vladimir Kuzmichov, a retired engineer nervously fingering his cash notes outside a Moscow bank. The Soviet state bank had just proclaimed that all 50- and 100-ruble notes would be banned and saving accounts would be partly frozen. Each person could exchange up to 1,000 rubles, the equivalent of less than four months' average pay, for small-denomination notes."

http://www.businessweek.com/archives/1991/b319837.arc.htm

[+] protomyth|16 years ago|reply
WTF? - "North Korea's official news agency, TV station and major newspapers, which are monitored in South Korea and Japan, by late Wednesday still had not announced the currency exchange. Instead, authorities continued to transmit information through a closed-circuit system that feeds into speakers in homes and on streets but can't be monitored outside the country."

Can we just buy the country and let the leaders go into exile?

[+] dpatru|16 years ago|reply
This illustrates why government should not be trusted with the control of money. What N. Korea is doing is massive theft, but so is the issuing of any fiat currency. The Federal Reserve is just a better thief than N. Korea because it steals at a slower, smoother rate, thus not totally killing the incentive to produce.
[+] CWuestefeld|16 years ago|reply
How different is this from officially devaluing the currency in situ? This has been done more than once in the USA (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_do... )
[+] DrJokepu|16 years ago|reply
Very different. This is capping, not just devaluating. If you're devaluating, let's say, by 10%, if you had $10 you will have $9 (it will be still $10 but it will be only worth $9), if you had $100 you will have $90, if you had $1000 you will have $900, etc.

In this case, they're capping as well at $40. If you had $10 you will still have only $9, but if you had $100 (or $1000 or a million) you will only have $40. That's it. That's not just taxing wealth, it's taking all the wealth away.

[+] sliverstorm|16 years ago|reply
Maybe I'm totally missing something, but how exactly do they expect their citizens to buy food now? If everyone suddenly has $40 and that's it, that sounds an awful lot like an awful lot of people are going to starve to death.
[+] naa42|16 years ago|reply
Well, there are several levels of answer to your question. First of all, there are no currency exchange there and people are not allowed to have a foreign currency (USD). So this "equivalence" is established with black market exchange rate which represents not the parity of prices of commodities but the (high) value of USD for the back market participants. It is normal since the black market participants are involved into contraband and they need foreign currency badly. So for $ 40 in black market exchange rate you can get a lot of food there. The second level of the problem is that the food/goods market there is government-controlled and for some goods there is no market at all - they are centrally distributed by the executives. So the amount of savings is not directly connected with the consumption level. And the next point is that the person who have a job and a regular paycheck doesn't need to have a lot of savings in order not to starve. As I can understand the social contract of the socialists' states is the lack of unemployment, so anyone is employed even if his work is not needed.
[+] blahedo|16 years ago|reply
They're supposed to depend on the government. Having $40 in your pocket would force you into the bread lines pretty quick, eh? And if you're in the bread lines it becomes a lot harder to actively protest the government....
[+] mattmcknight|16 years ago|reply
Given that it's happened before there, I'd favor commodities to currency. It's hasn't been a bad strategy when your government is creating new money at rapid rate and calling it quantitative easing either.
[+] idlewords|16 years ago|reply
The hard part is choosing the commodity, and figuring out how to store it. If you really think all hell is going to break loose, to the extent that the dollar might one day lose a bunch of its value overnight, then you are limited to stuff you can store in your own house, with all the attendant security problems.
[+] shughes|16 years ago|reply
This only affects paper cash though, right? So assuming they have most of their value in a bank, savings, stock, physical assets, or whatever it is they do in "DPRK," then they should be sort of okay.

But I have nooo idea how the banking thing works in DPRK. For all I know, everyone's "bank" is a box filled with cash. Which would make this currency switch suck a lot.

[+] idlewords|16 years ago|reply
Stock? Bank accounts? What planet do you live on?
[+] anigbrowl|16 years ago|reply
You are partially right. Not about the banking system (which is as much a joke and tool of the NK government as the currency), but insofar as you are better off if most of your assets are in the form of rice or some other physcial commodity. On the other hand, it's pretty likely that having more than a certain quantity of any commodity outside a government-operated warehouse is classified as 'illegal hoarding' and would be grounds for confiscation and imprisonment. North Korea practices such an extreme form of socialism that private property is a meaningless concept there. For all practical purposes it is a feudal society which claims all people, land and commodities as state property.